Influences

Jason and Hassan have become involved with the Young Patriots and The Circle of Truth as a result of various events and circumstances in their lives.

Participants should talk in pairs about why they think they got involved in these organisations based on what was seen in the play and what they heard the characters speak about. Write the events, circumstances and factors in the bubbles around the characters in the diagram following (on a pc you can download this by right-clicking it and choosing ’save picture as’).

Image to support Influences activity
Add on any extra factors that people can think of.

The responses can then be used to discuss the following questions:

  • What has becoming involved in the Young Patriots and The Circle of Truth led Jason and Hassan to do?
  • If they stay with these organisations in the future what else could they end up becoming involved in?
  • Could they have chosen to respond differently to the events and circumstances listed?
  • What other choices could they have made?  How would these have changed things?
  • Are there any similarities between Hassan and Jason?
  • What do Jason and Hassan get from belonging to their respective organisations?
  • If you were going to suggest one thing that Jason/Hassan should do now, what would it be?

This is a list of some of the factors that particpants might come up with; one could be added to the pictures as an example:

  • Jason’s sister marries Rafique
  • Jason’s sister leaves home
  • Bernard moves in with Jason’s mother
  • Jason can’t find a job
  • Jason meets Peter Jeffrey
  • Jason feels he hasn’t been given the same opportunities as others
  • Hassan considers his brother to be a bad Muslim
  • Hassan is rebelling against his father’s approach
  • Hassan meets Dr. Farooq
  • Hassan sees injustice in the world
  • Hassan experiences racism at the bus stop

You can try this interactive version too – just click on the text box and drag to where you want to write something. You can repeat this as many times as you like.

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Read all about it

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Hassan talks about how muslims are represented in the press. “You can’t see the word ‘muslim’ without the word ‘terrorist’ next to it.”

Use the newspaper headlines that appeared after the attack on the Twin Towers in New York below to investigate how the media might contribute to the construction of attitudes and opinions. You can download them here.

Divide the class into five small groups. Each group should be given a set of headines from a different newspaper.

  • Ask the pupils to read them amongst their group. Draw or project a table onto the white board (you can use this one – we’ve done it in Word so you can alter it  – or design your own). Hand out post it notes to each group, ask them to identify the facts from their headlines and write them onto the notes and stick them to the white board in the appropriate box. Repeat the exercise identifying opinions. Ask each small group what the combined effect of fact and opinion in their headline has; what do we think when we read this? What do we feel? Add these on notes to the chart.
  • Working down the columns, ask the whole group if there are any things that the headlines have in common? In what ways do they differ? Perhaps count how many times some words are used
  • Ask the whole group how do these headlines help us paint a picture of the events? Are there any things missing, things we want to know more about?
  • Does anyone remember the events from when they happened?
  • Ask the group to speculate on the intention of the authors? What do they want us to think? How do they want us to feel?
  • What understanding of the events would you have if you read only one of the news papers?
  • Do you think we have an accurate understanding of the events on 9/11 from the papers?
  • Ask the small groups to write a short article to go with the headline. They can attempt to take an objective view or be as subjective as they want?
  • Make a still picture in their small group that would accompany the headline.

A whole group version of this exercise might be to project the headlines on to a smart board and ask pupils to identify facts and opinions, emotive words, adjectives etc. and mark them with different coloured pens.

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Terrorist or freedom fighter?

Have a look at the photos below. You could print off copies , or you bring them up on the computer. You can enlarge the images by clicking on them. (Click here for a full size pdf of the pictures).

Ask the young people (or think about if you’re doing it yourself):

  • Do you know who the people in the photographs are?
  • What can you find out about them and what they have done?
  • How is the world different because of what they have done? Is it better or worse?
Image to support Terrorist activity Image to support Terrorist activity

It may be helpful to provide some initial information on each to start the ball rolling:
1 Nelson Mandela (a member of ANC, an organisation that advocated bombing)
2 Osama Bin Laden (leader of Al Qaida, seen to be behind 9/11)
3 Guy Fawkes (attempted to blow up parliament and assassinate the king)
4 Malcolm X (who advocated “by any means necessary”)
5 Martin Luther King (conducted public demonstrations)
6 Martin McGuiness (member of IRA, widely regarded as a terrorist organisation, now an MP)
7 Suffragettes (engaged in civil disobedience)
8 Robin Hood (resisted taxation, opposed the rule of King John)

If you’re doing the activity as a group divide  into smaller groups to research one of the people and feedback to the rest what they have found out. Do these people have anything in common?
For instance, they have all tried to change the world and have been criticised as trouble makers. Some have been imprisoned or killed. Some have been denounced as terrorists.

Ask your group to try putting the people in a list with those they think of as terrorists at one end and freedom fighters at the other (or do it yourself if you are on your own). Ask:

  • Can you draw a line across the list to divide terrorists from freedom fighters?
  • What is the difference between the people on either side of the line?
  • Were these people right to fight for what they believed to be right?
  • Can you think of other people who might appear in this list?
  • Will this list be the same in twenty years (will Osama Bin Laden be nearer the freedom fighter end for instance?)
  • How far should people go to make change happen?
  • Should they use “any means necessary”?
  • In what other ways can people change things for the better?

Other people who could be included in this activity are:

  • Ghandi (conducted peaceful protests and went on hunger strike)
  • French resistance in WW2 (blew up bridges and trains)
  • William Tell (his actions started an uprising)

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    Circle of consequences

    The diagram below shows a circle of consequences. Each segment of the circle represents a different line of consequences that may arise from the central action. Use the circle of consequences below and ask the group to come up with consequences for the actions listed below, or work on it yourself.  Encourage people to think about consequences that are both intended and unintended. You can use the interactive activity later by dragging the text box to the right place, or you can right click the image below that to save a copy on a pc).

    Image to support the Consequences activity

    You can try this interactive version too – just click on the text box and drag to where you want to write something. You can repeat this as many times as you like.

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    Truth or lies?

    Work in pairs or small groups. Have a look at this extract from Tapestry to remember the sort of things Dr. Farooq and Peter Jeffery were saying.

    Read each of the statements made by Peter Jeffery and Dr Farooq (taken from the full speeches they made in (Tapestry) and decide in which circle it belongs – truth, lies or a mixture of the two (see diagram following – on a pc you can right-click and ’save picture as’ to download this image).  Present back to the class, including any evidence you have for your choices and debate where there are differences in opinions.

    Dr Farooq:

    • What do they say now that we have made a home here? “You are foreigners, you are no longer welcome, you are the invaders”
    • As an immigrant we experience oppression everyday
    • I have friends who have been locked up for saying less than I have today, and they boast the right to freedom of speech?!
    • They seem to open their hands to us but really want to strangle us of our identity.
    • I see the women here, prostitutes and mothers at the age of fourteen
    • Their soldiers walk the streets in our countries, armed to the teeth, and doing as they please to our people.
    • They are draining our resources, filling our hospital beds, taking jobs from under our noses

    Peter Jeffery:

    • If we show any signs of national pride we are branded as racist and fascist
    • Multiculturalism will not work here
    • They force their strange customs on us as they parade their festivals up and down our streets.
    • They flee into our bosom only to milk us of our national purity
    • Their women stay covered, as if they’re ashamed, or just terrified of being beaten at the slightest show of skin.

    Image to support the Truth or lies activity

    You can try this interactive version too – just click on the text box and drag to where you want to write something. You can repeat this as many times as you like.

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    Tapestry

    This is a group discussion activity and the questions suggested below are only intended to start it off. There will be many more questions that arise as your discussions develop.
     
    Write or project this quote on a board

    We are one people forever woven together in a tapestry
    Roy Barnes
    Former Governor of Georgia

    Ask :Union Jack Tapestry Flag

    • What do you think this means?
    • What does it make you think of?
    • What is a tapestry?
    • How does the idea of tapestry connect to the programme?

    Hassan’s Dad is reported as saying “We have the chance to make a beautiful tapestry”. 

    • What do you think is he talking about?
    • Do you agree with him? Or is it an impossible dream?
    • Is there anything we can do as individuals to contribute to the wider picture whilst maintaining our individuality?

    Here is another quote that refers to tapestries that may also be a useful stimulus for discussion:

    We don’t accomplish anything in this world alone…and whatever happens is the result of the whole tapestry of one’s life and all the weavings of individual threads form one to another that creates something.”
    Sandra Day O’ Connor

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    Debate activities

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    Establish the rules for a formal debate (time limited, opening statement from both the ‘for’ and ‘against’ sides of the motion, the right to reply, questions from the floor, closing statements from both sides, show of hands vote).

    You as leader may wish to chair or you may wish to appoint a chair and time keeper from the group.
    An image from a performance of Tapestry
    Either debate as a whole class divided into two, with each group arguing ‘for’ or ‘against’ the issue.

    Alternatively, if you wish the class to work in smaller groups, then divide the class into three. Give each group one statement to research (the list following has suggestions). Divide each of these groups into two. One half is set the task of constructing arguments to support the motion, and the other half to challenge it.

    Depending on time availability the groups may be able to conduct some sustained research to find material that backs up their arguments

    Suggested topics for debate

    • The media is biased against Muslims
    • One man’s freedom fighter is another man’s terrorist
    • We have the right to say what we like no matter if it offends
    • “More unites than divides us” – Ken Livingstone Mayor of London at the time of 7/7
    • If you want to change things you have to fight for them
    • The world has changed since 9/11
    • We in the west have brought the terror attacks on ourselves because of out poor treatment of people in the rest of the world.

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    Drama strategies

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    The following page offers a number of drama based activities to enable further exploration of some of the themes and issues appearing in Tapestry.  They do not require specialist skills but descriptions of the basic techniques are included for those who have not used them before.  If class control is an anxiety for teachers inexperienced in drama, plan your lesson well in advance and ideally run the session with the support of another colleague or a classroom assistant.
     
    Drama is a good distancing technique for young people as it allows them to explore situations that they may encounter in real life but from within the safety of a fictional context.
     
    a)  Hot seating
    Someone takes on a particular role or character and is interviewed by the rest of the group.  This activity allows a character’s motivations and emotions to be examined in more depth. An example of this is when the class talks with Hassan and Jason.
     
    Suggestions
    Ask the students to take on the role of newspaper reporters.  Tell them they are going to interview key characters from Tapestry in order to gather information for an exclusive story they are going to write for their newspaper.  Prior to questioning the characters get the class to decide on a focus for their story and to create a headline, for example:  “Heroes’ homecoming hell”

     
    b)  Still image
    This is the creation of a still or frozen image using a group of people who ‘freeze’ in a pose to capture a particular moment, idea or theme, as in a photograph or painting.  This technique has distinct advantages when a teacher is exploring ideas or themes which pupils find complex or vague. An example of this is when we ask the young people to predict the potential consequences of Jason and Hassan remaining with the ‘Circle of Truth’ and ‘Young Patriots’.
     
    To create a single concrete image requires thought on the part of the students so that their image is precise and not misinterpreted.  Particular attention should be given to body posture and facial expressions.  How do others interpret the still image?  Who do they think is depicted and what is happening?  Allow time for adjustments for clarity and dramatic effect.
     
    Suggestions
    Ask the students to create a still image marking a moment from the story that they felt was of significance to them.  Ask the rest of the class to try to identify the moment being depicted.  Deepen the image by asking why the moment was important and what the character might have been thinking or feeling in that moment.  Get the students to articulate these thoughts/feelings as if they were the characters. You can also create pictures for moments we have not seen in the drama; what was it like when Claire, Jason’s sister, tells him she is going to marry Rafique? Perhaps show the moment when Rafique introduces Claire to Nazia’s family.

     
    c)  Forum theatre
    In groups students can improvise scenes that deal with difficult situations.  Ask them to end the scenes at a moment of crisis or where a choice or problem manifests, and show them to the whole class.
     
    Replay the scenes inviting the observing students to stop the scenes at a point where they would have behaved differently in order to bring about a positive outcome.  Ask them to step into the scene and show everyone what they would do.  The teacher should remain as a neutral facilitator throughout, encouraging the pupils to consider the consequences of their actions.
     
    Suggestions
    Get the children to improvise scenes showing the following:

    • When Peter Jeffery asks Jason to come on the protest
    • When Hassan is asked by Dr Farooq to organize a meeting at his college
    • When Nazia is walking home and encounters Jason and some other young patriots
    • Through forum theatre the students should be encouraged to explore a number of different responses to the problems encountered within the scenes, which will in turn affect the outcome of this part of the story.
       

    d)  Role play
    Individuals take on a character role and rehearse a scene that deals with a particular situation.  This technique allows young people to explore situations from a different perspective and to practice skills.
     
    Suggestions
    At the end of the drama Nazia is still in hospital, Jason is on his way to meet someone and Hassan is wondering what to do next.
     
    Who do you think Jason might be meeting?  (Sister, college advisor, friend). Play out the scene that follows Jason’s departure from the hospital.
     What do you think Hassan will do next? Play out a conversation Hassan has with his brother, father, friends or his Imam.

     

    e)  Teacher in role
    This is when the teacher adopts a role in order to deepen the young people’s understanding of the ideas and themes within the drama, to pass on important information or to shape the drama from within.
     
    The young people can also be put into role.
     
    Suggestions
    The teacher takes on the role of a community youth worker to talk to the young people about encouraging inter-faith activities in their youth club.  S/he sets them the task of creating a timetable of activities that accommodates a range of different needs. (Diet, single gender activities, celebrations etc.)
     
    The teacher goes into role as a community worker in the aftermath of the protest depicted in the drama.  S/he poses the challenge to the students in role as community members to find ways of resolving some of the issues that manifested on that day.
     
    f) Where do you stand?
    The following exercise can be used to begin exploring notions of loyalty, allegiance, and friendship.
     
    Take the following two statements:

    • Free speech means you can say what you want
    • You should not be allowed to say things that offend.

    Imagine that there is a line between these two statements. Place yourself on the line according to which one you agree with more. This can be done as a drama exercise with one end of a space representing one statement and the opposite end the other.

    It can be done as a paper exercise with a line drawn between the two statements.
    The exercise encourages discussion and debate.
     
    Other pairs of statements might be:

    • We should help those that suffer injustice.
    • There will always be people who complain that the world is unfair
    • My opinions should be respected
    • No one can tell me what to think or do
    • Making a fuss gets you nowhere
    • It is right to defend your beliefs
    • If you want things to change you have to be prepared to fight
    • Violence never solved anything.

    The pupils can come up with statements of their own for this activity

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    Further Resources

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    Books
    Learning to be safe together. Department of Children, School and Families
    A toolkit to help schools contribute to the prevention of violent extremism
    This can be ordered or downloaded online at www.dcsf.gov.uk/publications or it can be obtained by phoning 0845 60 222 60, quoting ref: 00804 – 2008BKT-EN

    Caught in the Cross Fire. Alan Gibbons, Orion Books. 2003
    Isbn: 978-1-84255-96-0
    A novel suitable for teenage readers that explores the stories of those living in a town affected by racial tensions and the emergence of a far right party.

    The Islamist. Ed Husain, Penguin. 2007
    Isbn: 0141030437,9780141030432
    The real life story of one young man’s journey towards extremism.

    Educating Against Extremism. Lynn Davies, Trentham Books. 2008
    Isbn: 978 1 85856 426 5
    Looks at the processes that can lead individuals to extreme beliefs or the use of violence and suggests ways in which education can help

    In the Name of God. Paula Jolin, Roaring Brook Press. 2007
    Isbn: 159643211×9781596432116
    The story of seventeen-year-old Nadia who becomes involved in a violent revolutionary movement aimed at supporting Muslim rule in Syria and opposing the Western politics and materialism that increasingly affect her family

    Fundamentalism. Ideas of the Modern World Series. Alex Woolf. Hodder Wayland. 2003
    Isbn: 0 7502 4366

    Fundamentalism. Global Issues Series. Sean Connolly. Wayland. 2008.
    Isbn: 978 0 7502 5432 8

    The War on Terror. Timeline Series. David Downing. Arcturus Publishing Ltd. 2007
    Isbn: 978 0 7496 7190 7

    _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

    Websites
    www.irr.org.uk
    The official website for the Institute for Race Relations

    www.oxfam.org.uk/education/teachersupport/cpd/controversial
    Strategies and activities to help teachers address sensitive issues

    http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/counter-terrorism/
     
    _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

    DVDs
    Britz. Directed by Peter Kosminsky. Rated 15.
    The story of two young British Muslims, a brother and sister both pulled in two radically different directions by their conflicting personal experiences in post 9/11 Britain

    Yasmin. Directed by Kenneth Glenaan. Rated 15
    The story of a young women caught in the middle of attempting to please her traditional Pakistani family and enjoying the freedoms of Western life. Set amongst a Muslim community in the North of England before and after the events of 9/11.

    This is England. Directed by Shane Meadows. Rated 18
    The story of Shaun growing up in 1980’s England and his experiences of skinhead ‘culture’ and his encounters with far right influences.

    Watch Over Me. Miss Dorothy.com
    A series of DVD’s including scenarios and teaching materials designed to help young people to handle risk in a range of situations. These DVD’s are available free to schools by enquiring to office@thekidstaskforce.com

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    Programme Outline

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    Tapestry lasts for approximately 1 hour and 45 minutes and takes place in a school hall or similar large room. When the young people arrive in the hall they can put bags and coats to one side and take a seat.
     
    The Play House team introduces themselves and the themes of the drama to the young people by asking them to indicate whether they agree or disagree with some key statements. The young people are asked to imagine that they have been shopping in the city centre on a Saturday afternoon when a parade of troops returning from Iraq has been met by angry protests. They have taken cover in a derelict shop unit. The drama begins with a movement and sound montage of images and text that set the context of recent world events in relation to violent extremism. The noises of the protest can be heard. Jason a member of the right wing Young Patriots league enters the shop unit in a state of great agitation looking for his friend Nazia. She is a British Muslim of Pakistani origin and is Jason’s sister in law and arrives shortly after him. He advises her to go home but before she can act on this they are interrupted by Hassan, also seeking shelter, he is a member of the opposing Islamist organisation The Circle of Truth. There is a fight between the young men that Nazia stops. The protest has escalated into a riot and it is now impossible to leave.
     
    Nazia tackles both of the men about what they think they are doing and they lay out their opposing positions. As she challenges both Jason and Hassan they begin to recount incidents from their lives that have shaped their thinking pressing one another into service to illustrate their points.
     
    Hassan recalls a moment after the London tube bombings, at a bus stop and Jason counters with a typical moment from his experiences of trying to find a job. They both illustrate moments of their home life and recall meeting and listening to charismatic speakers that seem to have answers to their grievances, and propose action to remedy them.
     
    Nazia challenges them about where their current path will lead them and, having attempted to reason with them to no noticeable effect, leaves. Both Hassan and Jason try to call her back but she is injured in the riot – the young men leave the shop to try and help her.
     
    There is a pause in the drama. The young people get the chance to talk to Jason and Hassan to try and find out what has happened and suggest what they do next.
     
    The young people are asked to consider why Jason and Hassan have got involved in their respective organisations and what activities they think they may be involved in, in the near future if they stay involved.  The young people are asked to consider who else might be affected by these actions. They create a still image in small groups to illustrate some of the consequences and implications of Hassan and Jason’s potential future actions This image is interrogated using a variety of drama strategies.
     
    The young people then reconvene as an audience once more to watch a final scene in which Jason and Hassan meet a week later at the hospital where they have both decided to visit Nazia. They have both been reflecting on the events of the last week and have begun to question their association with the Young Patriots and the Circle of Truth.
     
    The performance ends and the young people are asked to suggest what Jason and Hassan should do next if they still want to change things. These suggestions are recorded onto post it notes and stuck on the flag that is central to the set. A final rhetorical question is posed for the young people to take away and consider as a stimulus for any follow on work. 
     
    You can see extracts from Tapestry in the YouTube clip below. This website also offers a variety of activities designed to support this legacy.

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